’70 – ’80: ‘declining middle’ in the class distribution

During this period the debate was framed in relation to the shift to Post-Fordism societies. There are several dimensions of the debate that overlap:

1. Optimistic and pessimistic interpretations of the deindustrialisation and service sector growth:

 

 

2. Perlman’s, Janice (1976): ‘The myth of marginality: Urban Poverty and Politics in Rio de Janeiro’ marks a PARADIGM SHIFT: 

 

3.  European scholars: a radical and class based use of social polarisation: