What is super diversity?

The concept of diversity describes those visible or invisible aspects that make people differ from each other. Elements of diversity can be age, gender, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability, etc. But what is super diversity?

Learning cities

What are learning cities? Read the definition. Read the definition of creative cities.

Territorial dimension of governance

Territorial dimension of governance:

Socio-ecological circulation of urban metabolisms: Hybrid natures and Cyborg cities

Read the definitions of some key terms: metabolism, urban metabolism, capitalism.   But further research is needed!     To really understand the role of the state in environmental injustice political economic studies of state restructuring and neo-liberalisation are needed.

Urban political ecology

Urban political ecology (UPE) is a school of critical urban political-environmental research (Heynen et al. 2006b) which complements the view of Environmental Justice: On the basis of the school of urban political ecology there are three main thinkers:   Click here to read references to some urban political ecology monographs. The main ideas of urban political ecology [...]

Health and urban forms and urban flows

(Lake and Townshend, 2006) Click here to see a figure showing how environment and activity patterns relate to public health (Frank and Engelke, 2001:203). Healey, 2002:   (See Philips, 2004; Gilroy, 2008)

Health and neighbourhoods

Traditionally: Now: But… has the neighbourhood a role in health? It is proven that…  Lynch, 2000: Environmental stress may be linked to mental health breakdown:   Click here if you want to read some examples of experiences proving the existence of this link.

Urban sustainability: the fantasy of socio-ecological urban cohesion

In the late 20th century: Braun 2005 outlines the approaches to urban sustainability: There are loads of literature on urban sustainability. Da Cunha et al. (2005) describes the vast majority of this literature in the following terms: There are some problems with this approach (according to Keil, 2003; Keil, 2005; Swyngedouw, 2007a; Haughton 1999, p.233):

Antecedents to urban sustainability throughout the 20th century

Meanwhile, engineers and urban planners transformed the city: In the late 1960s: McHarg’s (1969). Design with Nature. First guidelines to ‘ecologise’ the city: In the 1970s:

1920s antecedents to urban sustainability

Check some academic references stressing the inevitable interconnection Urbanisation – Nature.